So, the US 75,00 per day and person is just perfect and for the 60 days you’ll need about $ 4,500.00

Also leave some money in a safe account for emergencies.
Roughly $1,000.00 dollars.

Buy food in the markets and make your own sandwich, noodles or soups. The veg and fruit is now plentiful and reasonably priced.

With the Eurail Global Pass you have limitless trips through 17 countries from this network:
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Montenegro Netherlands, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.

Enjoy your trip.

@ Stock up on your beer in the ex Communist countries of the Eastern block.
It is three to four times cheaper that in the western lands.

If anyone can help with these questions it will be greatly appreciated.

Les Mis is such a great show!

Well, for political issues- the issue was what to do with the government. A lot of political turmoil occurred in France in the 18th century. Namely, the aristocracy was overthrown (including the monarchy- Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette) and then the government went through a few radical changes. A lot of blood was spilled, quite a few heads were severed, and eventually a Republic was set up. Les Mis, however, takes place during the 19th century (in 1815) during a subsequent French Revolution.

Education in the 18th century was not standardized, was not given to the peasantry, and was not offered to the majority of female children. (though there were some exceptions) The aristocracy and the citizens related to the church were offered an education. There was a large gap between the peasantry and the aristocracy and thus, a merchant class didn’t have much access to education either.

- living conditions were quite bad in France if you were not aristocracy. There were famines throughout the 18th century, which fed the fires of revolution. Peasants worked for very small wages, were not allowed to hunt, and barely grew enough food to pay themselves. They paid very, very high taxes for almost everything. They also paid based on number of people per house which was sometimes very high. (no birth control back then)
Jobs: there were three levels of society: The Church ( priests,etc.), the Aristocracy (noble birth), and the peasants. Later, another class called the bourgeoise would emerge. This would be the middle class that would take control of France (until napoleon)

Male/Female roles: traditional. Women were not educated by and large.

Hope that helps some. Check Wiki!

Now Europe is a godless society. Even the Catholic Church no longer follows it’s own teachings and practices as it once did.

What happened to Christendom in Europe?

At no time was Europe fully Christian. There have been Jews, and pagans in Europe before Christianity came along, and they continue there today. The Muslims came later, many are still there too.

Not all nations were catholic, many were and still are Orthodox.

Europe is not godless. Have you ever been there? There are plenty of religious folks there in every country.

During the so-called Dark Ages monasticism survived on the western fringes of Europe. Tradition has it that Ireland was converted by St Patrick, who may have come from the region of the Severn Estuary; and certainly Welsh monks from the monastic schools in the south played a significant role in the spread of Christianity and monasticism in Ireland (also in Brittany). In turn, Irish missionaries began the conversion of the Picts in Scotland (St Columba, 563 CE), establishing monasteries on Iona and elsewhere. In 635 CE the Ionian monk Aidan founded a monastery at Lindisfarne, in Northumberland, but in this century Aidan’s ‘Celtic’ tradition co-existed with the Latin tradition; the issue was resolved at the Synod of Whitby, where King Oswiu of Northumberland elected to observe the customs of Rome. The period is known as The Age of Saints.

The 7th Century saw the founding of monastic schools in the north east of England, most notably at Whitby, Jarrow and York. Irish missionaries had been active on the continent and this effort was now heightened by English monks aligned with the Church of Rome. The reputation of English seats of learning increased as Europe began to emerge from the Dark Ages. During the 8th Century the Frankish king Charlemagne (ruled 768 CE – 814 CE) embarked on a massive territorial expansion that was accompanied by the conversion of conquered territories to Roman Christianity. Charlemagne’s admiration for learning led to his founding a large number of monastic schools and scriptoria and his collection and copying of manuscripts from his rapidly expanding dominions. At the same time he enlisted the help of scholars from all over Christendom, not least from Anglo-Saxon England.

The most important English scholar was Alcuin of York, who joined Charlemagne’s Palace School in 782 CE. Among Alcuin’s pupils were Charlemagne himself and his sons Pepin and Louis. Alcuin and the assistants he brought with him from York greatly improved the educational standards at Charlemagne’s court, creating an atmosphere of scholarship and introducing the king to the liberal arts. Now regarded as one of the first universities, the Palace School became known as the School of Master Albinus, a cognomen of Alcuin. Amongst his many achievements, Alcuin is credited with the development of the uncial script known as Carolingian minuscule.

The Carolingian Renaissance saw a flowering of scholarship, literature, art, and architecture. Alcuin is regarded as is its most prominent figure.

Thanks.

They’ve played each other 22 times.

England have won 9 times
Portugal have won 3 times
There have been 10 draws

now his father henry the II was married to eleanor, and before that she was married to the king of france. but since she only produced several daughters for that king he divorced her and sent her packing. she ended up with henry of england and gave him several children, 3 boys, richard geoffrey and john. when richard was killed, john then became king.

the royal family is full of hassles back and forth with france not to mention cross breeding.
would not like to go fishing in that gene pool

Cigarettes rather than cigars made their apparition around 1830, people rolling their own from loose tobacco in special paper and this is when their use started spreading. Their industrial fabrication became a state monopoly in 1845 and at the end of the XIXth century machines were constructed to produce cigarettes industrially, which is when they really started to take off widely amongst common people. Grey tobacco was given free to soldiers during WW1 which generalised its use, but it is really after WW2 when "American"cigarettes came on the market and became popular that the smoking fad started big time. It was seen as "cooler" to smoke American or English cigarettes, particularly those with filters, in the 1950s rather than Gauloises or Gitanes, which were the unfiltered French brand and considered coarser.

Nowadays great efforts are being made in France to discourage people from smoking, taxes have been raised. The use of tobacco is now forbidden in public places and one has to be eighteen or over to buy cigarettes and tobacco products.